【真题+答案】2024年10月自考00830现代语言学试题

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2024年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一考试

现代语言学

(课程代码 00830)

注意事项:

1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸)指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
3.涂写部分必须使用 28 铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。

第一部分 选择题

一、单项选择题:本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1. The sentence “Vary told Jane that John liked linguistics.” is a________ sentence.
A. simple
B. coordinate
C. compound
D. complex

2. There are________morphemes in the word disagreements.
A. three
B. four
C.five
D. six

3. Which vowel is different from the others according to the position of the tongue in themouth?
A. [i:]
B. [i]
C. [e]
D. [u]

4. The words like smog and bnnch are formed by________.
A. acronym
B. back-formation
C. blending
D. clipping

5. Words that are close in meaning are called________.
A. antonyms
B. homonyms
C. hyponyms
D.synonyms

6. Phrase structure rules have________properties.
A. grammatical
C.functional
B. recursive
D. social

7. Semantics can be defined as the study of________.
B. naming
A.meaning
C. communication
D. context

8. “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago.”* This shows thatlanguage has the design feature of________.
A. arbitrariness
B. creativity
C. displacement
D. duality

9. As modem linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be________.
A. descriptive
B. prescriptive
C. sociolinguistic
D. psycholinguistic

10. Which of the following is the correct description of [v]?
A. voiceless labiodental fricative
B. voiced labiodental fricative
C. voiceless labiodental stop
D. voiced labiodental stop

第二部分 非选择题

二、填空题:本大题共 10小题，每小题1分，共10分。在下列句子中分别填入一个单词(只能是一个单词)。该单词的首字母已给出。
11. L________is the scientific study of language.
12.S________is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.
13.Ap________is a marginal contact language with a limited vocabulary and reduced grammatical structures, used by native speakers of other language as a means of business communication.
14. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation and t________.
15. The s________may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.
16. According to the n________theory of mcaning, the words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.
17. Both phonology and phonetics are studies ofspcech s________.
18. Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of g________system of language
19. Linguists found that it would be difficult to give an adequate description of meaning if the c________of language use was left unconsidered.
20.A e________is a word or expression that is thought to be mild, indirect or lessoffensive and used as a polite substitute for the supposedly harsh and unpleasant word or expression.

三、判断题:本大题共 10小题，每小题2分，共20分。判断以下表述是否正确。如果正确，请在答题卡相应位置上写“T”，如果错误，请写“F”，并给出正确的表达。
21. In terms of place of articulation, the sounds /p/ /b /m /w/ share the feature of bilabials.
22. Historical linguistics is equal to the study of synchronic study.
23 , In most cases, the number of syllables ofa word correspond to the number ofmorphemes.
24. The sibilants /s/ /z/ /.∫/ /3/ can be followed by another sibilant according to the sequential rule in the English phonological system.
25. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.
26. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.
27. The word “’synchronic” contains three morphemes.
28. In most cases, prefixes change the meaning of the stem whereas suffxes change the word-class of the stem.
29. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.
30. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its vocabulary.

四、解释题:本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。请用英文解释以下术语(可举例说明)。
31. sound assimilation
32. register
33. bound morphemes
34. roots
35. the critical period36. linguistic taboo
37. pragmatics
38. speech community
39. slang
40. language transfer

五、问答题:本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。请用英文回答下列问题。
41. Of the twvo major media of communication, speech and writing, which one do you think is more basic and why?
42. What are the main individual learner factors that affect a leamer’s acquisition of a second language ?

2024 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

00830 现代语言学 参考答案

第一部分 选择题

1.D.complex
2. B. four
3. B. [j]
4. C. blending
5.D. synonyms
6.B. recursive
7.A. meaning
8.C.displacement
9.A. descriptive
10.B.voiced labiodental fricative

第二部分 填空题

11. Linguistics
12.Syntax
13. Pidgin
14. Tone
15. Subject
16. Naming
17. Sounds
18. Grammatical
19. Context
20. Euphemism

第三部分 判断题

21.S(/w/是唇软腭音，非双唇音)
22.S《历史语言学是历时研究，非共时)
23.S(音节数与语素数不一定对应，如“button”有 2 音节但 1 语素)
24.S(英语中 sibilant 后不可接另一sibilant)
25.R(所有词含词根)
26.R(地区方言特征为语法和词汇)
27.R(syn-chron-ic，3 语素)
28.R(前缀改意义，后缀改词类)
29.S(部分语言无书面形式)
30.R(词汇变化最活跃)

第四部分 解释题

31. Sound assimilation: Adiacent sounds become phonetically similar (e.g., “impossible” [m’pasebll, where /n/- [m] before /p/).
32. Register: Language variation based on context (e.g., formal vs.informal speech).
33. Bound morphemes: Morphemes that cannot stand alone(e.g., “-ed” in “walked”).
34. Roots: Core morphemes carrying primary meaning (e.g.,”play” in “replay”).
35. Critical period:A time window for optimal language acquisition (e.g., childhood for L1).
36. Linguistic taboo: Words avoided due to social norms (e.g.,death” replaced by “pass away”).
37. Pragmatics: Study of context-dependent meaning(e.g.,sarcasm “Nice job!”implying criticism).
38. Speech community: Group sharing lanquage norms (e.g.,Enalish speakers in London).
39. Slang: Informal, non -standard vocabulary(e.g. “lit” for“exciting”).
40. Language transfer: L1 influencing L2 learning (e.g., Spanish speaker using “estar” for English temporary states).

第五部分 问答题

41. Speech is more basic:
Historical priority: Speech predates writing.
Acquisition: Children learn spoken language naturally before writing.
Universality: All cultures have speech, but not all have writing systems.
Neurglogical basis: Spoken language processing is innate, while writing is a learned skill.

42. Key factors in L2 acquisition:
Age: Younger learners often achieve better pronunciation.
Motivation: Integrative/instrumental motivation drives success.
Cognitive style: Analytical vs. holistic learners.
Personality: Extroverts may practice more actively.
Language aptitude:innate ability to recognize patterns.
Exposure: Quality and quantity of input (e.g., immersion vs. classroom).
(答案仅供参考，以官版评分标准为准。)