5.According to the _ theory, words are just labels for things.
A.naming
B.conceptualist
C.contextualist
D.behaviorist
正确答案:A
解析:命名论(naming theory)认为词只是事物的标签,即词与世界中的对象存在直接指称关系,代表人物为柏拉图《克拉底鲁篇》及早期经验主义观点;conceptualist theory 强调概念中介;contextualist theory 关注语境对意义的制约;behaviorist theory(如Skinner)视语言为刺激-反应行为。
6.According to Searle, the speech act of the utterance (I swear) I have never seen the man before is a(n) _.
A.directive
B.commissive
C.expressive
D.representative
正确答案:D
解析:Searle 将言语行为分为五类:assertives(representatives)、directives、commissives、expressives、declarations。’I swear I have never seen the man before’ 是在断言一个命题的真实性,属于断言类(representative),即以言表意(stating facts or beliefs);commissive 涉及承诺未来行为(如 I promise);directive 是试图让听者行动;expressive 表达心理状态(如 I apologize)。
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