A.serve as role models for their grandchildren only
B.usually use raw materials to produce goods for the market
C.make contributions to an economy’s gross national product
D.have values which are neglected by the society to some extent
正确答案：D
解析：Paragraph 1 states that older persons contribute valuable ‘products’ (e.g., caregiving, mentoring) that ‘have not been figured into an economy’s gross national product’ and ‘have not been appropriately valued’, indicating societal neglect of their contributions.
A.Longer life expectancy means longer working lives.
B.Older people are willing to prolong their working lives.
C.People retire from the labor market much earlier than they used to.
D.Older people have no choice but to participate in the labor market.
正确答案：C
解析：Paragraph 2 says: ‘most industrialized countries have experienced a substantial drop in the average age at which individuals retire from the labour market’ — i.e., people retire earlier than before. It also notes that longer life expectancy and better health ‘have not been accompanied by longer working lives’, refuting A and B; D is too absolute and unsupported.
解析：Paragraph 3 states: ‘today more than half the world’s population is excluded from any type of social security protection’ and ‘In most developing countries, no more than 20 per cent—and sometimes as few as 5 per cent—of older persons can expect to receive a pension or adequate health care.’ Thus, the majority lack social protection — option D is directly supported.
4.We can learn from Paragraph 5 that health care _.
A.ensures income security of the elderly
B.provides protection for the elderly only
C.is the most important part of social protection
D.defines the family’s duty of caring for the elderly
正确答案：C
解析：Paragraph 5 states: ‘Health care is an essential part of social protection in any society’ — while ‘essential’ does not strictly equal ‘most important’, among the four options, C best reflects the text’s emphasis and centrality (‘essential part… and… essential that health services adapt’). A misrepresents it (health care ≠ income security); B is contradicted (it serves broader society); D overstates — the paragraph says families ‘take on the responsibility’ but does not claim health care ‘defines’ that duty.
B.It is essential that social protection meet new requirements.
C.Older people have been a heavy burden for the whole society.
D.It is urgent for younger people to provide finance for the elderly.
正确答案：B
解析：The last paragraph emphasizes: ‘there is an urgent need… to expand care and security networks’ and links this to global aging and growing ‘oldest old’ population — implying social protection systems must adapt to new demographic realities. This directly supports B. A is contradicted (only ‘some’ have developed self-care strategies); C and D are unsupported value judgments or prescriptions not stated or implied.
6.In Paragraph 1, by saying “functional fixedness” the author means that _.
A.we always follow the worse path in life
B.it is essential for us to lead a different kind of life
C.it is difficult for us to adapt to something different
D.we seldom make changes to the ways that things are
正确答案：D
解析：Paragraph 1 defines functional fixedness as the tendency to stick to familiar paths ‘even if it’s the latter [worse]’, because ‘we are so accustomed to the way things are that we don’t even recognize that they could be different’. This matches D — habitual adherence without questioning. C is close but vague; D captures the core idea of cognitive inertia toward established routines.
B.functional fixedness leads to the failure of some subjects
C.psychologists hope that the subjects stick to functional fixedness
D.tacking the candle to the wall is the only way to complete the task
正确答案：B
解析：The passage states: ‘The psychologists had… arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work’ and ‘To think of that [using box as holder], you have to look beyond the box’s usual role… That is difficult because we all suffer… from functional fixedness.’ Thus, functional fixedness caused initial failure — B is explicitly supported.
解析：‘Receptacle’ is defined contextually: ‘the box’s usual role as a receptacle just for tacks’ — i.e., a container holding tacks. Synonym is ‘container’.
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